O'SMIRLARDA XAVOTIRLANISHNING O'G'IL VA QIZ BOLALAR XULQ-ATVORIDA NAMOYON BO'LISHI VA GENDER TAFOVUTLAR
Keywords:
maktab muhiti, ruhiy salomatlik, eksternalizatsiya, internalizatsiya, xulq-atvor, gender tafovutlar, o'smirlik, xavotirlanishAbstract
Maqolada o'smirlik davrida xavotirlanishning o'g'il va qiz bolalar xulq-atvorida namoyon bo'lish xususiyatlari hamda gender tafovutlar xalqaro tadqiqotlar va O'zbekiston bo'yicha mavjud ma'lumotlar asosida nazariy-tahliliy jihatdan ko'rib chiqiladi. Tahlilga Jahon sog'liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST), AQSh Milliy ruhiy salomatlik instituti (NIMH) ma'lumotlari hamda 2006–2026-yillarda e'lon qilingan ilmiy maqolalar jalb etildi. Natijalar qizlarda xavotir buzilishlarining tarqalganligi yuqoriroq ekanini (AQShdagi milliy tadqiqotda umr bo'yi tarqalganlik qizlarda 38,0%, o'g'il bolalarda 26,1%), xulq-atvorda esa qizlarda ichkilashgan (internalizatsiya), o'g'il bolalarda tashqilashgan (eksternalizatsiya) shakllar nisbatan ko'proq uchrashini ko'rsatadi. Hissiy ifodadagi tafovutlar hajmi jihatidan kichik bo'lib, ijtimoiy vaziyatga bog'liq. Maqola oxirida maktab psixologlari uchun amaliy tavsiyalar keltirilgan
References
1. World Health Organization. Mental health of adolescents: fact sheet. – Geneva: WHO, 1 September 2025. – URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health
2. Merikangas K.R., He J.P., Burstein M., Swanson S.A., Avenevoli S., Cui L., Benjet C., Georgiades K., Swendsen J. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A) // Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. – 2010. – Vol. 49, No. 10. – P. 980–989. – PMID: 20855043.
3. National Institute of Mental Health. Any Anxiety Disorder: statistics. – URL: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-anxiety-disorder
4. Прихожан А.М. Психология тревожности: дошкольный и школьный возраст. – 2-е изд. – СПб.: Питер, 2009. – 192 с.
5. Duci V. Stress, anxiety and depression in adolescents and school climate // International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy. – 2026. – Vol. 26, No. 1. – P. 119–128.
6. McLean C.P., Asnaani A., Litz B.T., Hofmann S.G. Gender differences in anxiety disorders: prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness // Journal of Psychiatric Research. – 2011. – Vol. 45, No. 8. – P. 1027–1035. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006.
7. Ohannessian C.M., Cavanaugh A., Cheeseman K. Gender and racial/ethnic differences in anxiety disorders during adolescence // Adolescent Psychiatry. – 2017. – Vol. 7, No. 1. – P. 13–24. – DOI: 10.2174/2210676607666170908160057.
8. Ohannessian C.M., Milan S., Vannucci A. Gender differences in anxiety trajectories from middle to late adolescence // Journal of Youth and Adolescence. – 2017. – Vol. 46, No. 4. – P. 826–839. – DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0619-7.
9. Bao C., Han L. Gender difference in anxiety and related factors among adolescents // Frontiers in Public Health. – 2025. – Vol. 12. – Art. 1410086. – DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410086.
10. Farhane-Medina N.Z., Luque B., Tabernero C., Castillo-Mayén R. Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: a systematic review // Science Progress. – 2022. – Vol. 105, No. 4. – DOI: 10.1177/00368504221135469.
11. Chaplin T.M., Aldao A. Gender differences in emotion expression in children: a meta-analytic review // Psychological Bulletin. – 2013. – Vol. 139, No. 4. – P. 735–765. – DOI: 10.1037/a0030737.
12. Rose A.J., Rudolph K.D. A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys // Psychological Bulletin. – 2006. – Vol. 132, No. 1. – P. 98–131.
